02-06: Designed to Fail (Heat Exchanger Designs that Lead to Failure) HVAC Applications

02-06: Designed to Fail (Heat Exchanger Designs that Lead to Failure) HVAC ApplicationsRoot cause investigations of failures in heat exchangers that are used in cooling water service often reveal that design conditions were a major contributor to the failure. This paper will review several of the most commonly encountered design problems and show how they inevitably lead to severe corrosion and or fouling. Examples will be used to illustrate design failures. Guidelines will be suggested on heat exchanger design methods to minimize the

The laboratory fouling mechanism mimicked field reports of problems and allowed testing without risk to end user equipment

2) Partially softened makeup water

A new one line analyzer has been developed that can measure molybdate as molybdenum (Mo6+) with minimum maintenance

There are several factors that need to be addressed prior to selecting the appropriate cooling tower fire wall for a facility with critical demands

3 saved a large Eastern Chemical plant $20

Air-Cooled Condensers (ACCs) offer a way to significantly reduce U

We have gotten more sophisticated in determining and controlling the natural frequency of drive shafts

Any operation that does not function at op­timum represents a loss of energy that cannot be tolerated

which included preassembly of sixty-four (64)

This paper will point out the unique features of this family of products and show comparative field and laboratory data to aid in proper biocide selection

water conservation and environmental impact

A method for evaluating products is offered